Heat olive oil in a large (5 to 8-quart) pot over medium heat. Add onions and cook, stirring occasionally, until softened, 5 to 8 minutes. Add ground beef (in batches if necessary so not to crowd in the pan) and cook, breaking up into bite-sized crumbles, until no longer pink, 8 to 10 minutes. (If cooking in batches, remove first batch of cooked beef, drain and discard fat and then cook remaining beef.) Carefully drain and discard fat from pan. Return cooked beef to pan and add garlic, all the peppers, chili powder, cumin and salt. Cook, stirring, until peppers start to soften and spices are slightly fragrant, about 3 minutes. Add canned tomatoes, wine (if using), tomato paste and water, stirring to combine the paste with the liquid. Increase heat and bring to a boil. Reduce heat and simmer, covered, 20 minutes. Add black beans and continue to simmer, partially covered (see NOTE), until chili is the desired thickness 10 to 20 minutes longer.